Group VAT Carbon is a nonmetal and is the element that started this group, which is also known as carbon family, the following two elements, silicon and germanium are metalloids; These first three elements form compounds with covalent character. Tin and lead, ending the group elements are metals.
The outer electron configuration of the elements of this group is (ns2np2). The present trend in the decrease of melting and boiling points of silicon to lead, indicating that the metallic nature of elements of this group is growing.
Carbon can be considered as the most important of this group, because from carbon are all organic compounds, ie the chemistry of life. Silicon is a very abundant element in Earth's crust and is used in the manufacture of chips for microcomputers. Germanium, as a semiconductor of electrical current, is used in the manufacture of transmitters, and the last, lead and tin are typical uses of metals. 6C
14Si 32Ge 50Sn 82Pb
VA
Group This group is known as a family of nitrogen. It is composed of nitrogen and phosphorus, which are non-metals; arsenic and antimony are metalloids, and bismuth, a metal. The outer electronic configuration has (ns2np3). Nitrogen, which exists as a diatomic gas, is a nonmetal, important as parent of the atmosphere (about 78%), and is vital for plants and animals. Phosphorus is a solid metal no biological significance to react with oxygen in the air violently burning off large amounts of heat. 33As 51Sb
83Bi 7N 15P
Form Group VIA's family consists of oxygen and oxygen, sulfur and selenium are nonmetals, as well as tellurium and polonium, which are metalloids. The outer electron configuration is presented (ns2np4). They tend to accept two electrons to complete its final layer to form ionic compounds with many metals.
The elements of this group of non-metals react with other groups to form molecular compounds, particularly oxygen, which is in the air as a diatomic molecule (O2) and ozone (O3). It is also very reactive, as it forms compounds with most elements. It is necessary for combustion and essential for life. 8O
34Se 16S 52Te 84Po
Known as Group VIIA halogen family show a very similar chemistry. The elements of this group are nonmetals and exist as diatomic molecules in their elemental state. Elements are very reactive at room temperature is liquid bromine and solid iodine. However, a radioactive element astatine and little is known about their properties. The outer electron configuration is presented (ns2np5) and tend to gain an electron to complete its last layer. Because of its high reactivity was not found in pure form in nature.; To anions that form to gain an electron are known as halides. Form ionic compounds with alkali or alkaline earth metals and molecular compounds between themselves or with other non-metals. 5I 35Br 17Cl 9F
85At
Group or Group VIIIA
zero in this group are the noble gases, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon. Have their last full electronic layer (ns2np6), except helium, which is single layer (1s2), which is also full, hence, its tendency to combine with each other or with other components is low or almost nil. Do not have a tendency to gain electrons, because of this, for many years was called inert gases, it was thought that did not react. Currently, we have managed to synthesize some compounds, but is commonly used as pure gases.
Helium is the lightest. Compared with air, is the seventh of its weight, therefore, has considerable lifting power. Argon is an excellent conductor of heat, and is used in light bulbs and welding of magnesium to prevent rusting. Neon is widely used in retail, advertising lights. 10Ne 18Ar 36Kr 2HE
54Xe 86Rn
A Group B elements belonging to groups B in the periodic table are called transition elements, a transition element is one that has partially filled the orbital do f. They are located in the periods 4, 5, 6 and 7, those in the period 6 comprise the lanthanide series, and the period of 7, that of actinides, these two series are known as metal internal transition.
For the transition elements d-block, the atoms can have one and nine electrons in that orbital. When the d orbital is full, the item is no longer in transition. All transition elements are metals of great importance in the industrial level by high melting points and good mechanical properties.
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