BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE STRUCTURE OF MATTER. INTRODUCTION
Men, by nature, have always had the need to find logical explanations for why things happen. This admiration philosophical wonder at the phenomena and inexplicable events, which raises the question about the causes, became permanent desire for the pursuit of truth, and is so far the reason that has brought humanity to Over time, the discovery of laws governing the phenomena of nature.
Today, indisputable, the extent to which science has changed the of human beings. We appreciate for example the different types of materials, products and processes used in industry in general to produce an infinite range of products, many of which are in daily use as medicines, foods, perfumes, soaps, detergents, plastics, textiles , lubricants, fertilizers, insecticides, among others, that give us satisfaction, welfare and therefore safer to humans.
This advancement in knowledge of how to carry out the chemical changes in matter, has made the man change his environment with new products which are mostly aimed at improving the quality of life. However, in many cases it has brought unexpected results, causing disturbance to the environment by excessive production of waste pollutants, both solid and liquid and gaseous, that these activities generate.
One of the challenges of chemistry as a science, is to optimize the procedures and techniques to obtain a higher quality finished products, trying to avoid as much damage to nature, it suffices to look at our beaches, rivers, ponds , fields, and what remains of the forests of our state to realize the continued deterioration caused these ecosystems.
These challenges, fortunately, are already being addressed by the scientific community in many countries as a result of extensive research, have begun to develop products whose packaging waste and biodegradable or recycled materials feasible. We know that certain plastics when exposed to sunlight, its polymers are fragmented and facilitate biodegradation, and packaged or processed products from raw materials feasible to recycle, such as cardboard, aluminum, glass, etc., And not previously occurred. Therefore, future biotechnologists to be formed in this institution, have the opportunity to participate with their knowledge and innovations technology in this crusade.
Therefore, the chemistry course, which will provide the necessary basis begin to see how it intervenes and science relates to all aspects of our lives and the environment in which we live. PURPOSE OF THE UNIT
The student identifies the characteristics and properties of matter to analyze the origin of atomic models and the principles of quantum theory and quantum numbers. Using these insights as a basis, it is expected that participants recognize the importance of this knowledge to analyze, understand and evaluate the fundamental principles of chemistry contributes to the study of matter and much of life.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Identify the physical and chemical properties of matter, in relation to the clarification of the phenomena that occur in nature.
analyze the principles that gave birth to the atomic structure, the nature of sub-atomic particles and atomic models in order to know the properties of atoms and their applications in life.
know the principle of quantum theory and the application of quantum numbers in the formation of electronic configurations that give rise to the formation of compounds by chemical bonds.
STRATEGIES TEACHING - LEARNING
is proposed pedagogical approach student-centered, enabling independent learning techniques multidisciplinary study, in which the teacher assumes his involvement as manager and facilitator of the learning process with a clear definition for achieving the objectives of competition, organized activities that generate significant learning and by encouraging collaboration and collective thinking as a valuable resource in acquiring new skills and attitudes.
For its part, students will look at the group's ability to search, socialize, and enhance collaborative learning by:
• Contribution of ideas, opinions and relevant information.
• Exchange of information sources and experiences.
• Support group exceeded their abilities.
• Propose activities relevant to the performance of the units of the course.
• Analysis, discussion and reflection on basic reading .. LEARNING ACTIVITIES
For the development of the unit suggests the following activities:
1. Individual and team exposure to the topics of the unit basic principles of the structure of matter.
2. Basic reading, is the analysis of items notes or upgraded sites with relevant information on unit content.
3. Analysis and accommodation of new learning product of reflection and acquisition of new knowledge.
4. Mediated mentoring refers to a very flexible and effective resource such as e-mail, you can also use the online chat system known as chat and finally the phone is.
5. Readings, consisting of articles, notes, books or websites updated with information that serves as a complement to those interested in exploring more about the issues and topics reviewed.
6. Collaborative team activities, with the aim of promoting interaction and communication between participants in a team engaged in activities which help learning to socialize.
DEVELOPMENT ISSUES ITEM 1. The physical and chemical properties of matter.
To identify the properties of matter and its relationship to physical and chemical phenomena that occur in nature.
ACTIVITIES: Activity
1.1 (individual). Read the document "History of Chemistry" same found on the page.
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_la_qu% C3% ADmica
Activity 1.2 (group). Analyze the previous reading based on the following questions and answer the following questions:
1. Why culture is considered the cradle of Egyptian and Mesopotamian cultures?
2. Draw a diagram of the constitution of matter, according to Empedocles.
3. What was the contribution of Democritus and Leucippus on the nature of matter?
4. The Middle Ages is considered a dark age in science, why?
5. How did the study of organic chemistry?
This information must be delivered in writing, at a time agreed by the teacher and be part of the assessment unit.
ITEM 2. The atomic structure and nature of sub-atomic particles.
OBJECTIVE: Recognize the principles that gave birth to the atomic structure, the nature of sub-atomic particles and atomic models.
ACTIVITIES: Activity
2.1 (individual). Parses the document, "The atomic structure, in which is located on the blog page, http://aprendequimica2009.blogspot.com this document will help the structure of atoms, subatomic particles, and models atomic.
Activity 2.2 (plenary). Comment using the peer group technique, quartets and octets, the discovery of particles sub-atomic.
ITEM 3. Quantum theory, quantum numbers and electron configurations.
OBJECTIVE. Knowing the principle of quantum theory, the application of quantum numbers and the formation of electronic configurations.
Activity 2.3 (group). The teacher explained to the group, the principle of quantum theory and quantum numbers.
Activity 2.4 (individual). Prepare drawings, posters, or models that represent the structure of the atom, its atomic models and electron configurations of elements and compounds.
Men, by nature, have always had the need to find logical explanations for why things happen. This admiration philosophical wonder at the phenomena and inexplicable events, which raises the question about the causes, became permanent desire for the pursuit of truth, and is so far the reason that has brought humanity to Over time, the discovery of laws governing the phenomena of nature.
Today, indisputable, the extent to which science has changed the
This advancement in knowledge of how to carry out the chemical changes in matter, has made the man change his environment with new products which are mostly aimed at improving the quality of life. However, in many cases it has brought unexpected results, causing disturbance to the environment by excessive production of waste pollutants, both solid and liquid and gaseous, that these activities generate.
One of the challenges of chemistry as a science, is to optimize the procedures and techniques to obtain a higher quality finished products, trying to avoid as much damage to nature, it suffices to look at our beaches, rivers, ponds , fields, and what remains of the forests of our state to realize the continued deterioration caused these ecosystems.
These challenges, fortunately, are already being addressed by the scientific community in many countries as a result of extensive research, have begun to develop products whose packaging waste and biodegradable or recycled materials feasible. We know that certain plastics when exposed to sunlight, its polymers are fragmented and facilitate biodegradation, and packaged or processed products from raw materials feasible to recycle, such as cardboard, aluminum, glass, etc., And not previously occurred. Therefore, future biotechnologists to be formed in this institution, have the opportunity to participate with their knowledge and innovations technology in this crusade.
Therefore, the chemistry course, which will provide the necessary basis begin to see how it intervenes and science relates to all aspects of our lives and the environment in which we live. PURPOSE OF THE UNIT
The student identifies the characteristics and properties of matter to analyze the origin of atomic models and the principles of quantum theory and quantum numbers. Using these insights as a basis, it is expected that participants recognize the importance of this knowledge to analyze, understand and evaluate the fundamental principles of chemistry contributes to the study of matter and much of life.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Identify the physical and chemical properties of matter, in relation to the clarification of the phenomena that occur in nature.
analyze the principles that gave birth to the atomic structure, the nature of sub-atomic particles and atomic models in order to know the properties of atoms and their applications in life.
know the principle of quantum theory and the application of quantum numbers in the formation of electronic configurations that give rise to the formation of compounds by chemical bonds.
STRATEGIES TEACHING - LEARNING
is proposed pedagogical approach student-centered, enabling independent learning techniques multidisciplinary study, in which the teacher assumes his involvement as manager and facilitator of the learning process with a clear definition for achieving the objectives of competition, organized activities that generate significant learning and by encouraging collaboration and collective thinking as a valuable resource in acquiring new skills and attitudes.
For its part, students will look at the group's ability to search, socialize, and enhance collaborative learning by:
• Contribution of ideas, opinions and relevant information.
• Exchange of information sources and experiences.
• Support group exceeded their abilities.
• Propose activities relevant to the performance of the units of the course.
• Analysis, discussion and reflection on basic reading .. LEARNING ACTIVITIES
For the development of the unit suggests the following activities:
1. Individual and team exposure to the topics of the unit basic principles of the structure of matter.
2. Basic reading, is the analysis of items notes or upgraded sites with relevant information on unit content.
3. Analysis and accommodation of new learning product of reflection and acquisition of new knowledge.
4. Mediated mentoring refers to a very flexible and effective resource such as e-mail, you can also use the online chat system known as chat and finally the phone is.
5. Readings, consisting of articles, notes, books or websites updated with information that serves as a complement to those interested in exploring more about the issues and topics reviewed.
6. Collaborative team activities, with the aim of promoting interaction and communication between participants in a team engaged in activities which help learning to socialize.
DEVELOPMENT ISSUES ITEM 1. The physical and chemical properties of matter.
To identify the properties of matter and its relationship to physical and chemical phenomena that occur in nature.
ACTIVITIES: Activity
1.1 (individual). Read the document "History of Chemistry" same found on the page.
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_la_qu% C3% ADmica
Activity 1.2 (group). Analyze the previous reading based on the following questions and answer the following questions:
1. Why culture is considered the cradle of Egyptian and Mesopotamian cultures?
2. Draw a diagram of the constitution of matter, according to Empedocles.
3. What was the contribution of Democritus and Leucippus on the nature of matter?
4. The Middle Ages is considered a dark age in science, why?
5. How did the study of organic chemistry?
This information must be delivered in writing, at a time agreed by the teacher and be part of the assessment unit.
ITEM 2. The atomic structure and nature of sub-atomic particles.
OBJECTIVE: Recognize the principles that gave birth to the atomic structure, the nature of sub-atomic particles and atomic models.
ACTIVITIES: Activity
2.1 (individual). Parses the document, "The atomic structure, in which is located on the blog page, http://aprendequimica2009.blogspot.com this document will help the structure of atoms, subatomic particles, and models atomic.
Activity 2.2 (plenary). Comment using the peer group technique, quartets and octets, the discovery of particles sub-atomic.
ITEM 3. Quantum theory, quantum numbers and electron configurations.
OBJECTIVE. Knowing the principle of quantum theory, the application of quantum numbers and the formation of electronic configurations.
Activity 2.3 (group). The teacher explained to the group, the principle of quantum theory and quantum numbers.
Activity 2.4 (individual). Prepare drawings, posters, or models that represent the structure of the atom, its atomic models and electron configurations of elements and compounds.
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